Storehouse
The process of treating hides or skins generally salted and in particular cases (when the slaughter-house is near the tannery) raw on refrigerating lorries, with an expert report and the storage of raw products.
Since then controls of quality take place and then go on constantly during the processing as to the last chemical-physical check on the finished product.
On this purpose functional and modern laboratories and professional competence of engineers who are present to every stage of the processing, control chemical products too, physical conditions and so on: an exacting task for every day.
Since then controls of quality take place and then go on constantly during the processing as to the last chemical-physical check on the finished product.
On this purpose functional and modern laboratories and professional competence of engineers who are present to every stage of the processing, control chemical products too, physical conditions and so on: an exacting task for every day.
Calcining
The first step in the process is the renewal in order to bring leather to the previous conditions when just skinned, removing undesirable constituents and giving water.
Once drained, the skin passes to the calcinator for the removal of epidermis and subcutaneous sheet.
The fibrous structure is also changed in order to make it better react with tanning matters.
After different washings in the calcinator the process continues with fleshing.
Once drained, the skin passes to the calcinator for the removal of epidermis and subcutaneous sheet.
The fibrous structure is also changed in order to make it better react with tanning matters.
After different washings in the calcinator the process continues with fleshing.
Fleshing
Flesh can be removed manually (this way has been mostly abandoned in Europe) or tearing, and in both cases part of the flesh of the animal remains attached to the epidermis; flesh and fat must be removed in order to proceed with the production.
Fleshing plays this key role, as a series of blades equipped with knives removes the excess flesh.
Splitting
After trimming, the so called “spaccatura in trippa” (cutting the middle) is made in order to separate skin into “flower” upper part and “crust” lower part.
All these preliminary treatments called “di riviera” stand by end with pickling for keeping skin well and to aid tanning.
All these preliminary treatments called “di riviera” stand by end with pickling for keeping skin well and to aid tanning.
The Tanning Process
Now let’s pass to the tanning process. Its result consists in “stabilizing” skin, causing a net of collagen through
particular substances.
Nowadays a wide number of products is available for tanning:
The tanning process takes place in typical “bottali” ( reels) and it is followed by ripening in order to let skin rest and then by pressing eliminating most of tanning liquid.
particular substances.
Nowadays a wide number of products is available for tanning:
- mineral tanning, especially with chrome salts
- vegetable tanning, with natural or synthetic tannin.
The tanning process takes place in typical “bottali” ( reels) and it is followed by ripening in order to let skin rest and then by pressing eliminating most of tanning liquid.
Pressing and Smooting
We have seen how the exceeding liquid of tanning is squeezed by pressing.
The following stage is smoothing by which skin is made uniform at a given thickness, after that another trimming is made.
At this stage they often go on tanning once more, this allows rationalizing every single work in stand by and, above all, on the other hand it allows the exaltation of natural characteristics of every single skin.
The following stage is smoothing by which skin is made uniform at a given thickness, after that another trimming is made.
At this stage they often go on tanning once more, this allows rationalizing every single work in stand by and, above all, on the other hand it allows the exaltation of natural characteristics of every single skin.
Dyeing
The following stage is dyeing through natural colouring agents, nowadays not widely used, or synthetic dyes combined in a great variety of chemical compositions, the so called “ricette” (formulas).
Criteria foe evaluating the quality of a dye are:
These controls are among the most delicate and binding.
In order to avoid that skin become stiff while drying and to increase its elasticity and resistance a greasing is made by oils and fats.
Criteria foe evaluating the quality of a dye are:
- depth of a dye
- sameness of cloak and colour penetration
- brightness and fullness of dye
- fastness in light
- fastness to perspiration and washing.
These controls are among the most delicate and binding.
In order to avoid that skin become stiff while drying and to increase its elasticity and resistance a greasing is made by oils and fats.
Drying
Drying or desiccation after dyeing is made by different proceedings. It is important because it must take water in the skin from 80% to about 10%. First of all almost always there is the following process: drying to the wind, squeezing then one of the following systems is used:
After drying a skin may be humidified and then in case fullered.
- plates
- vacuum-packing
- high frequency
- sequence
- frame.
After drying a skin may be humidified and then in case fullered.
Palissonage, and Fullering
Palissonage and fullering are made by mechanic beating that increase the softness of skin.
During the first proceeding the skin to be treated is squashed between two brackets with prominences and notches (male and female opposed) while in fullering, reels with proper inner prominences are used.
During the first proceeding the skin to be treated is squashed between two brackets with prominences and notches (male and female opposed) while in fullering, reels with proper inner prominences are used.
Finishing
The final touches include all the proceedings made on tanned and dried skin, transforming it into the completed product.
Methods and materials used are really numerous and they change according to the result one wants to get but they may be reduced to one single concept: the use of colouring substances and particular fixers.
These materials may be distributed on the skin in three ways used separately or in combination:
Then there are other operations such as polishing, pressing and printing.
Methods and materials used are really numerous and they change according to the result one wants to get but they may be reduced to one single concept: the use of colouring substances and particular fixers.
These materials may be distributed on the skin in three ways used separately or in combination:
- by pad
- by spray
- by coating.
Then there are other operations such as polishing, pressing and printing.
Selection and Measuring
The final stage in treating skins is their selection and measuring and packing.
The selection is a difficult task and it is always committed to a man’s experience, to his glance and his hands while measuring is made by precise automatic systems.
It is also the stage when Landino Pelli shows its professionalism doing a wide series of final controls in order to guarantee the quality of its products.
The selection is a difficult task and it is always committed to a man’s experience, to his glance and his hands while measuring is made by precise automatic systems.
It is also the stage when Landino Pelli shows its professionalism doing a wide series of final controls in order to guarantee the quality of its products.
Laboratory Tests
In order to guarantee quality standards, each lot must be testes to verify the compliance to the specific needs of the customer.
Internally we commonly make tests that are physical, such as tests about the solidity of colors against rubbing, abrasion, traction, tear etc…
Shipment
Now the skin is ready for forwarding, in order to become in its turn the starting product for a wide series of articles which have the unreplaceable value of being “natural”.
